P4 – How does the Horror Genre connect to its audience

P4 How the Horror genre connects to its audience

Active spectatorship

How active are the audience, how involved do they get?

In the Horror genre the audience are usually very involved and active, and example of this is at Thorpe Park they have the Saw maze which is a maze they have created based on the Saw films for fans and other audiences to enjoy.

 

Pleasure

How does the audience gain pleasure from the genre? Seeing a story/characters you love come to life? Fantasy, escapism,  wish-fulfillment, intellectually challenging, exciting, funny? Romantic comedies – escapism. Fantasise about being somewhere else, films help this come alive in the audiences head.

The audience from the Horror genre enjoy and gain pleasure from feeling frightened and being with others. for example the films in Horror can be very realistic and a way of escaping from everyday life with a twist.

 

Frameworks of interpretation

There are different ways to interpret a film, they are in many different ways by the audience, is this true of your genre or can it only be interpreted in one way, like comedy? There’s could be different readings of different people. Can your genre be interpreted in different ways and why?

There is mainly one way to interpret a film in the horror genre which is feeling frightened and full of adrenaline, Films in Horror can be quite realistic and relatable as they usually make the main characters the typical audience of the Horror genre – Teenagers.

 

Media Literacy

Why media works? memes, quotes. Media literacy means your your level of competency/ ability to recognise and analyse, evaluate and create messages in a wide variety of media modes, genres and forms. Do you get more from the film if you’re more media literate?

How media literate is the audience for your genre?

The Horror genre audience is very media literate as there are lots of memes and quotes created from the films which are then passed on through the fans and people that have watched the film and make it more popular.

Intertextuality

Does your genre tend to borrow or refer to text from other films? Are there any intertextual references in your genre?

The films in Horror genre often do borrow texts from other films such as the storyline, effects and even rip off whole films in Spoofs and Parodys. An example of this would be the ‘Scary Movie’ franchise creating spoofs of lots of different films in one film, they usually base the story of ‘Scream’

Effects

Are their visual effects in your genre? War films, horror films, action films tend to use more than other genres. Final destination is an example of a film that used lots of visual effects.

There are a lot of special effects used in the Horror genre such as dead bodies, people being killed in all sorts of ways and explosions etc. An example of this is the film series Final Destination, all 5 films include lots of blood and gore all created by CGI and special effects. This makes it more realistic and effects the audience more.

 

Fandom

Is there any fandoms in your genre? Fandom is an active audience fan culture, such as comicon and art of their interests. Kingdom, the king looks over the land, the fandom is the fans looking over the thing they are interested in.

How interactive is your genre? Does the audience get involved? How does your genre get involved with your audience? Star Trek and star wars have encouraged their fans to interact and get involved.

There are fandoms in the Horror genre such as fans making art and costumes of characters from their favourite Horror film. On halloween lots of people dress up as the horror films they are interested in.

Interactivity

 

Social networking

Does your genre use social media to connect with its fans at all? Twitter? Facebook? 22 Jump Street.

* Pre and Post viewing experiences

What the fans think before and after they have seen the film. Do your fans ingres with the films before they come out in any way? Forums, social media, fan art, reading articles, revisiting related work? Share on reddit, Facebook, youtube etc? Does your genre inspire devotion in fans and audiences? Or are they just uninterested? Do they buy the merchandise? Do they engage in any way to your genre?

Does where the audience watch the film change the experience for the viewer?

Conditions of reception

Cinema, dvd release, blu ray, online access?

Horror films are also advertised through social media such as Twitter and Facebook, banners and popups from the films are shown. This is done as the target audience of Horror is Teenagers and young adults which is the typical audience of Facebook and Twitter therefore they are directly advertising to the people who will want to see their films.

 

P2 Comparison of two films – Avatar and Dance With Wolves

P2 – Compare two films

The two films I am comparing are Avatar (2009) and Dances With Wolves (1990).

These two films show the change in society and the film industry over 19 years in Culture and Politics, Distribution and Exhibition, Financial Determinate, Nature/Structure of the Industry, Technologies of Production and Genres at time of Production.

CULTURE AND POLITICS

In Avatar there are two particular groups, one being eco-friendly and the other the army being controlled by the government. Avatar shows both culture and politics throughout the film. Dances With Wolves however deals with the independence of the red indians against the invading americans, although set in two different decades both films show similar political issues.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXHIBITION

Avatar was originally set for release on May 22, 2009, but was pushed back to allow more post-production time and to give more time for theatres worldwide to install new technologies such as the 3-D projectors.

It had a saturated release into UK cinemas, showing in 503 cinemas in the first week and 485 in the second.

This saturated release was mutually beneficial for both audiences and institutions, as audiences got a larger choice of where they could go watch the film, and this therefore meant that more people could go watch the films, leading to higher box office sales (and a larger profit), benefitting the institution.

 

Avatar was released in a total of 3,457 theatres in the US, of which 2,032 theatres ran it in 3-D. In total 90% of all advance ticket sales for Avatar were for 3-D screenings showing that audiences were seeing the film for the ‘experience’.

 

Dances With Wolves was distributed by Orion Pictures and premiered on October the 19th 1990 in Washington D.C and released on November the 9th 1990 in the US.

FINANCIAL DETERMINATE

Dances With Wolves had an estimated $19,000,000 budget, Tig productions and Majestic Films International funded this film in return for credits. Whereas Avatar had a $237,000,000  budget funded by Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation in return for a co-production.

SOCIAL ISSUES

Social issues in 2009 when Avatar was released includedthe Swine Flu epidemic which emerged from Mexico and spread to Britain, Michael Jackson Died aged 50 and the flash floods in Britain. When Dances With Wolves was released Nelson Mandela was freed from prison after 28 years,  Namibia becomes independent fromSouth Africa and Iraq invades Kuwait.

TECHNOLOGIES OF PRODUCTION

In the technologies of production James Cameron had to wait until the specific technology came out to make the film Avatar. Whereas in Dances With Wolves special effects and unique camera work was used in the time of production.

GENRES AT TIME OF PRODUCTION

In 2009 when Avatar was released the genres that were most popular were Action, Drama and Comedy. This made Avatar a film that came out at a suitable time. With Dances With Wolves which was released in 1990 films at the time were mainly of the Horror and Action genre and this also made Dances With Wolves a film that came out at a suitable time.

LO4 notes

Look into a genre and how it connects to its audience.

* Active spectatorship
(Lord of the ring, they dress up go to comicon, make weapons.) How active are the audience, how involved do they get? Active/Passive, give examples.

* Pleasure
how does the audience gain pleasure from the genre? Seeing a story/characters you love come to life? Fantasy, escapism,  wish-fullfillment, intellectually challenging, exciting, funny? Romantic comedies – escapism. Fantasise about being somewhere else, films help this come alive in the audiences head.

* Frameworks of interpretation
There are different ways to interpret a film, they are in many different ways by the audience, is this true of your genre or can it only be interpreted in one way, like comedy? There’s could be different readings of different people. Can your genre be interpreted in different ways and why?

* Media Literacy
Why media works? memes, quotes. Media literacy means your your level of competency/ ability to recognise and analyse, evaluate and create messages in a wide variety of media modes, genres and forms. Do you get more from the film if your more media literate?
How media literate is the audience for your genre?

* Intertexuality
Does your genre tend to borrow or refer to text from other films? Are there any intertexual references in your genre?

* Effects
Are their visual effects in your genre? War films, horror films, action films tend to use more than other genres. Final destination is an example of a film that used lots of visual effects.

* Fandom
Is there any fandoms in your genre? Fandom is an active audience fan culture, such as comicon and art of their interests. Kingdom, the king looks over the land, the fandom is the fans looking over the thing they are interested in.

* Interactivity
How interactive is your genre? Does the audience get involved? How does your genre get involved with your audience? Star Trek and star wars have incouraged their fans to interact and get involved.

* Social networking
Does your genre use social media to connect with its fans atall? Twitter? Facebook? 22 Jump Street.

* Pre and Post viewing experiences
What the fans think before and after they have seen the film. Do your fans ingres with the films before they come out in any way? Forums, social media, fan art, reading articles, revisiting relates work? Share in reddit, Facebook, youtube ect? Does your genre inspire devotion in fans and audiences? Or are they just uninterested? Do they by the merchandise? Do they engage in any way to your genre?

Does where the audience watch the film change the experience for the viewer?

Conditions of reception
Cinema, dvd release, blue ray, online access?

The genre I am choosing to research for my LO4 is Horror.

Unit 26 P2 continued

Compare two films from 2 separate decades. Define and Explain about production context

 

Context, time and place of when the film is made.. – Wolf of Wall Street

It is crucial to media how the examples are shaped by different factors.

11 factors effects the creation of film.

Pacific Rim

When and where a film is made changes the film in culture, technology and its audiences.

Production Context: time/ location the film was made.

Some Like it Hot – bit raunchy edgy and dangerous in the time it was made. Contexts have changed.

What is in one decade will change another.

11 FACTORS:

FINANCIAL DETERMINATE.

How much finance/money was available to the film makers? Who funded it? What did the financiers want in return? How did it get funding? Was it made during the recession?

Gareth Edwards – Monsters and Godzilla, Star Wars.

CULTURE AND POLITICS

Culture – Behaviours and beliefs of a particular group – Rocky Horror

Politics – the science of governing.

“A sheer delight… the pupils reflect the tensions and culture of a nation” – Jason Solomans THE OBSERVER – THE CLASS, (Cantet 2008) 

TECHNOLOGIES OF PRODUCTION

Is equipment now cheaper? Can anyone make a film now? Is it only Film Studios who can make films?

DISTRIBUTION AND EXHIBITION

You need to consider how your 2 films from two different decades were distributed and exhibited to their audiences? Releasing and sustaining films in the market place. Get it out there (cinemas, netflix, youtube..) Collaborative process. Requires the materials and rights of the producer and the co operation of the exhibitor to promote and show the film in the best way possible. (BFI)

Exhibition of film = where it is shown.

TRENDS IN THE INDUSTRY

What trends are prevalent/common in the industry? Did that influence the two films you have chosen?

Were sequels popular at the time?

Was a particular genre popular?

Was a star popular at the time?

GENRES AT TIME OF PRODUCTION

Currents trends: 

Superheros

3D action films

Ensemble comedies

Apocalypse Movies

Questioning Capitalism themes – Karl Marx

Eco –  awareness themes

When your films were in production what was popular? why was it popular?

World War Z

Worlds End

What was is about them that resonates with the audience?

STARS POWER AND REPRESENTATION

in the 1960s men were idolised and women were women a damsel in distress. Seth Rogan is the new male figure in the 21st century in our generation. WHat sort of power ddid the strs in the films have? were the stars the major selling point?stars and producers were bindded by a 7 year contract and now the stars call the shots. 40’s – 90’s women didn’t have any right within the film industry.

What did they represent to their audience? Did they reflect their time? What do they tell you about the time the film was made? Jennifer Lawrence independent feminist. Representation is a key area of this assignment to gain a distinction marks so use the representation tag.

Marilyn Monroe.

SOCIAL ISSUES AT THE TIME OF PRODUCTION

Do your films deal with any of  the social issues taking place at the time?

REGULATORY ISSUES BBFC

Have laws changed? compare what your two films went through/ could get away with it. Are films now more lenient in the deception of sex, violence, gore, etc  THE EMPIRE FILM PODCAST.

SYNERGIES BETWEEN FILMS

Media combines. For example The Avengers, To help sell a product. combined to any other media? merch? spin off?

Culture of sequel, prequels, reboots, re-makes , adaptations. Synergy. Take more chances in TV as it is less risky. Has there been a change between the decades you are looking at? Is there now more synergy? Why do you think there is a growing trend for synergy?

NATURE/STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY

Has it changed?

In the practice of Hollywood and other forms of industrial cinema, the phases of production distribution and exhibition operate most effectively. From the early 1920’s the film industry had evolved into an industry controlled by a few companies – an oligopoly

Holly wood was led by 5 main companies – 

MGM, Warners, Paramount , 20th Century Fox and RKO.

Stopped vertical integration, anti competitive to make things farer for the independent studios. IDIE FILMS have no connections the the BFI.

2 EXAMPLES

Avatar and Dances with wolves

Publicity and Marketing Of The Avengers

Publicity And Marketing For The Avengers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hPpG4s3-O4

 

Publicity and Marketing

 

Advertising

Marketing within The Avengers is through posters, trailers, forums such as Reddit, social media such as Twitter and Facebook which would have linked on their official website.

http://marvel.com/avengers_movie/ipad/

 

Reviewing

The film did very well in box office and with its critics and audience. Rotten Tomatoes a reviewing site for critics and viewers game it a 92% rating that they liked the films and its plot. Giving this film 4 and a half stars out of 5.

 

http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/marvels_the_avengers/

Chat Show

Jeremy Renner, Chris Hemsworth and Tom Hiddleston appeared on a late night Russian talk show, ‘Urgent’ to discuss The first Avengers film.

 

Link to youtube video: ‘https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzLzrryuRDs’

Product Tie-ins

Major stores such as Primark are selling Marvel and DC products to promote upcoming films such as the Avengers. Also during the film  Marvel and Acura Cars  went a bit too far on the product placement.

Premiere

The Avengers premiere was held on the 11th of April 2012 in Hollywood

Awards

The Avengers won 24 awards for best special effects, best director, best supporting actor, best science fiction film, and were nominated 56 times etc.

Online Presence

Producers would have used social media to engage their audiences such as Facebook and Twitter. The official website would have specific links to either “Like” or “Follow”  The Avengers film.

 

Producer Audience Research

 

Audience Research

This is done through test screening and forums also questionnaires.  A  blog explained how he went to a test screening in San Diego  and this is what the outcome was:

 

“Johnny RedHerring and I just saw the first test screening of The Avengers in San Diego, CA:

I had never been to a test screening before so I was excited about this new experience. Me and my Dad got there an hour early and stood in line for about thirty minutes. When we were finally hearded in like cattle with went through a security check through where these guys wanted us with their metal detection.When we got in the theater we had to wait yet another hour as they filled every seat in the theater. So then a woman comes and announces the movie we will be seeing.”

 

http://www.aintitcool.com/node/992

Producer Response To Research

When asked by the public on CraveOnline about the inclusion of the character’s name, and whether that implied him being active in the world at that moment, Marvel Studios President Kevin Feige had this to say:

“Well, ‘we’ know what it means and where we want to head with it, but we were comfortable with keeping it in there and leaving it in there because there are a few different ways to interpret it. The whole thing, what Sitwell’s saying is, this algorithm is going to predict if you’re going to become a problem for Hydra or not. So you don’t have to just be Tony Stark, actively plotting to save the world. You could be a kid whose SAT scores and whose essays have indicated that you’re going to be a problem one day. So is Stephen Strange the Sorcerer Supreme? Probably not at that point. Is he an unbelievably talented neurosurgeon whose opinionated and kind of arrogant? Probably. That might put him on the list.​”  – Kevin Feige

 

Audience Response

Rotten Tomato carry the publics opinion as well as the critics this is one of them:  

 

“Parents need to know that, as with most superhero stories, violence is the biggest concern in Marvel’s Avengers Assemble. The heroes typically rely on brute force to upend their enemies, and weapons like guns often come into play. Less often strategy proves an invaluable tool in the exchanges, and teamwork (which is a challenge for these heroes) is essential in the process. Expect some bickering and power struggles among the Avengers, but on the flip side, victories as a group are celebrated by all and serve as proof of the value of teamwork.”  –  Emily Ashby

 

Distribution

 

The Avengers grossed $623,357,910 in North America, as of the 4th of October 2012.

It would have come out on screens at Odeon and Vue and then later on  online sites such as LoveFilm and Netflix.

U26 Film Studies homework

 Hollywood

Hollywood is a major film production company and is a district in the central region in Los Angeles. Hollywood has has profound effects on cinema in the 20th century, most of the corporate companies in film have a set budget given by the CEOs to the producers and make the most popular films that are released to cinema are made here.

An example of a Hollywood film is Avatar (2009) Directed and Written by James Cameron. ‘A reluctant hero. An epic journey. A choice between the life he left behind and the incredible new world he’s learned to call home.’ – The whole film is a metaphor for when the Americans took the lands of the native americans in 1707 to 1765.

This is a typical mass funded film that was at the top of the box office and still is, they used technology that wasn’t invented when they wanted to make the film around 2005 so they had to wait till they could in 2009.

Trailer: ‘https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_i2RCBa3l-g’.

 

 

British

British Film companies are filmed in England, Wales and Ireland. Lots of directors that were originally born in Britain have achieved success mainly through their work in the United States such as Alfred Hitchcock, Ridley scott and performers like Charlie Chaplin. British Film Companies tend to reflect British life in their films and were most popular in the 1940’s, also known as ‘The golden age’.

An example of British made film is Trainspotting (1996) This was Directed by Danny Boyle. ‘Renton, deeply immersed in the Edinburgh drug scene, tries to clean up and get out, despite the allure of the drugs and influence of friends.’ This is a very powerful film and shows the good and bad sides of drug addiction. It was criticised for promoting drug use however most viewers believe it shows why people do it but what the effects are. This also shows what was happening in Edinburgh at that time and shows how bad the Scottish drug scene was.Trailer: ‘https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sl6O7sad9hI’

 

 

Bollywood

Bollywood is an informal term that is used often for the Hindi-Language film industry based in Mumbai. Bollywood creates twice as many films as Hollywood with up to 800 productions a year and roughly 14 million Indians go to the cinema everyday. They make so many films that sometimes the actors are shooting a scene for one film and also lots of other films at the same time! The Bollywood genre includes singing, dancing, colourful outfits and bright settings. The typical story of a Bollywood film is ‘Girl meets Boy’ they fall in love but their families do not approve. Much like Romeo and Juliet.

An example for a Bollywood genre is the film ‘jab tak hai jaan‘ this is an Indian romantic drama film directed by Yash Chopra and written and produced by Aditya Chopra under their production banner, Yash Raj Films. The Trailer link to Youtube: ‘https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0UXgoJ9Shg’

 

International Co – Productions

This genre is where two or more nations join together to make a film, it usually consists of two or three countries. Independent companies work outside the major film studio system and in addition they are being produced by small indi companies an then bought by major film company and distributed. An example of this is ‘Slumdog Millionaire’. Slumdog Millionaire is a 2008 British drama film directed by Danny Boyle, written by Simon Beaufoy, and co-directed in India by Loveleen Tandan. It is an adaptation of the novel Q & A by Indian author and diplomat Vikas Swarup.

 

Independant 

Independent companies work outside the major film studio these productions are often produced by small indi companies and bought out by a major film company and distributed in popular cinemas such as The Vue and Reel Cinema. An example of an Indi film is ‘Reservoir Dogs’ (1992) A modern noir classic, Reservoir Dogs announced Quentin Tarantino to the world in a spray of blood, severed ears and Mexican stand-offs. Link to Youtube trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvoKT481EmU

Developing countries

Developing countries do not have a lot of money but made one or two films a year and make it count. They show the rest of the world whats happening in their country such as low economy and poverty. They often are sending a message to represent key issues in the world. Corperate companies buy out the film and disturbte it sometimes.

 

 

Queer theory

Queerness has been defined as:
‘ A quality related to any expression that can be marked as ‘contra-‘ ‘non’ or ‘anti’ straight.’

The hero normative manner of life can no longer really be called normal.
We see things through different eyes despite most contemporary film showing us a hetro ‘male gaze’ perspective of the world.

Increasingly films are satirising our cultures ignorance/awkwardness lack of education about the complex nature if sexuality.

Theories of anti-rasism, feminism, and post-colonialism have established that humans are not of one ideal kind.

Desire and sexuality become as cental as race gender of class.

Homophobia had become ad ugly as racism or class hatreds.

Categories (straight, Bi, gay) in our society are analysed in Queer theory. Our prejudices are exposed and replaced with a new sexuality and social perspective that goes beyond the hetro/homo duality.

Queer theory analyse the dichotomy of our hetro and gone simplification.

DICHOTOMY = Binary opposites/splitting of a whole into exactly two non overlapping parts, two opposite parts.

In an attempt to rethink categories and strategies of identity, Queer theory aims to shift the focus away from minority groups.

Different sexual behaviours have been around since the beginning of time. For example homosexuals have made invaluable contribution ls to the development of western culture.

It asks us to challenge the hetro male views ‘gaze’ that we see in media representations.

Queer theory builds upon feminist challenges to the idea that gender us part if the essential self.

Gay/lesbian studies focused on natural and unnatural behaviour with respect to homosexual behaviour.

Queer theory

Queerness has been defined as:
‘ A quality related to any expression that can be marked as ‘contra-‘ ‘non’ or ‘anti’ straight.’

The hero normative manner of life can no longer really be called normal.
We see things through different eyes despite most contemporary film showing us a hetro ‘male gaze’ perspective of the world.

Increasingly films are satirising our cultures ignorance/awkwardness lack of education about the complex nature if sexuality.

Theories of anti-rasism, feminism, and post-colonialism have established that humans are not of one ideal kind.

Desire and sexuality become as cental as race gender of class.

Homophobia had become ad ugly as racism or class hatreds.

Categories (straight, Bi, gay) in our society are analysed in Queer theory. Our prejudices are exposed and replaced with a new sexuality and social perspective that goes beyond the hetro/homo duality.

Queer theory analyse the dichotomy of our hetro and gone simplification.

DICHOTOMY = Binary opposites/splitting of a whole into exactly two non overlapping parts, two opposite parts.

In an attempt to rethink categories and strategies of identity, Queer theory aims to shift the focus away from minority groups.

Different sexual behaviours have been around since the beginning of time. For example homosexuals have made invaluable contribution ls to the development of western culture.

It asks us to challenge the hetro male views ‘gaze’ that we see in media representations.

Queer theory builds upon feminist challenges to the idea that gender us part if the essential self.

Gay/lesbian studies focused on natural and unnatural behaviour with respect to homosexual behaviour.

Unit 26 film studies notes

Film journalist

Three projects:

Hello you creatives
The Basingstoke gasette
Red carpet screenings

Youtube film tutorial (LO1)
Film production podcast or essay (LO2)
Genre audiences documtenry (LO3/LO4)

Films I could analyse:

Paper moon
The graduate
Charade
Pulp Fiction
Trainspotting
Pycho

Structuralism

Structuralism is a philosophy or idea and looks at a film as a set of patterns, relationships or structures. The world is chaos and we take pleasure in finding the structure and recognising then which is why we like films.

The meaning of a film comes not from inbuilt meanings of its individual elements. It’s meaning comes from how they work within what we know as a films “structure” or “system”.

It emphasises the importance of:
Narrative theories.
Reoccurring patterns/content.

These help the audience understand whats going on.

Todorov – Equilibrium
Barthes – open/closed enigm
Levi straus

Films convey meaning through the use of structures and codes and conventions.

The kuleshov effect.

Semiotics

“The study of signs.”

Establish the sign/film or films to be decoded.

Set aside your opinion, NOT a review!

Determine what the signifies mean/analyses if setting plot characters symbols.

Auteur theory

This is the idea that a directors film reflects the directors personal creative vision as if they were the primary “Auteur”. (french word for author)

– Hitchcock
– Stanley kubrick
– Tim Burton
– Quentin tarentino

Psycho Analysis

Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud – I discovered the unconscious of the individuals inner life/psyche.

Like Marx he sought a ‘cure’ for what he thought was wrong with us.
– Economic illness.

Freud compared the mind to an iceberg.
Tip of the iceberg – conscious
Underneath/Hidden part – unconscious

There’s a difference between our conscious and unconscious.

Freud believed that drives at an instinctual level dictate much of what we say and do at a conscious level.

What we want, need and desire is different to what we show the world.

Drives = Motivations + Instincts

Life drive: Eros (sex, enjoyment, survival, creative)

Death drive: Thanatos (Destructive, resisting trauma, repetition, hate, aggression, guilt)

We may repress some thoughts and frustrations but believed they always returned.

Repression – an attempt by an individual to repel ones own desires and impulses toward pleasurable instincts by excluding the desire from ones conciuousness to another.

Film is an art forms that can express the unconscious desires of humanity.

Transference or projection
This is the process in which we displace/ project on to films the feelings derived from the experiences and fantasies of our childhood.

Human psyche could be divided into three parts:

ID – Completely unconscious, impulsive, childlike, portion of the psyche that seeks immediate pleasure and gratification.

EGO – Organised, realistic part that mediates between the desire of the ID war the super ego.

SUPER-EGO – The parental, critical and moralising role.

Does this reflect the time it was made in?
How do film makers depict this?

Freud dug out the material from the unconscious and looked at what it means.

Psychoanalytic film theory can be seen to stress the subjects longing for a completeness which the film may appear to offer through identification with an image.

Jacque lacans theory indicates that identification with the image is never anything but an illusion.

They’re just representations and illusions.

Jacqueline rose emphasises that the viewer often searched for their missing object of desire.

The role of trauma in cinematic the representation had come to the fore in recent decades.